updated 1:21 p.m. ET Aug. 17, 2006

ORLANDO, Fla. - The NFL’s rule that at least one minority candidate be interviewed for each head coaching vacancy is the reason there are a record seven black head coaches, six more than 16 years ago, the author of several sports diversity studies said Thursday.

The University of Central Florida’s Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport credited the league’s “Rooney Rule,” adopted in late 2002, for the improvement.

“It’s been really fast-tracked in a big-time way,” study author Richard Lapchick said. “I’ve always felt the commissioner (Paul Tagliabue) had high on his priority list to improve the record for diversity, but until then he just didn’t have the leverage.”

The number of black general managers also increased from two in 2003 to a record five at the beginning of this season after the Houston Texans hired Rick Smith. Others at the position, not always called general manager but with equivalent duties, are the Baltimore Ravens’ Ozzie Newsome, Arizona Cardinals vice president Rod Graves, Martin Mayhew with the Detroit Lions and James Harris, vice president of player personnel with the Jacksonville Jaguars.

There were never more than four minority head coaches throughout the 1990s.

Current black head coaches are: Romeo Crennel at Cleveland, Lovie Smith at Chicago, Marvin Lewis at Cincinnati, Herman Edwards at Kansas City, Tony Dungy at Indianapolis, Dennis Green at Arizona and Art Shell, recently rehired by the Oakland Raiders.

Those changes helped the NFL earn an overall B+ from a B last year in Lapchick’s report card on race.

“Having talented people from diverse backgrounds has been and will continue to be a priority for our league,” NFL spokesman Greg Aiello said.

However, the report noted that the NFL — and other pro men’s sports, with the exception of basketball — continued to lag in hiring women. The report card did not specifically issue a grade for gender because researchers were missing information from the NFL head office, Lapchick said, but it likely wouldn’t have improved much over last year’s D+.

Slide show   Week in Sports Pictures Pain on the skating rink, flying high on the hardwood, upsets on the football field, and more. more photos

The NFL did have a female president/CEO — Amy Trask of the Oakland Raiders — which is a rarity across pro sports, Lapchick said.

The NFL did not immediately comment on the report.

Lapchick reports on diversity in all the major professional sports and the NCAA.

MORE FROM NFL

NFL Section Front

Titans will hurt Texans’ playoff hopes Trash Talk: Thanksgiving games are just turkeys Rosenthal: Steelers’ playoff future slipping away PFT: Batch out — Steelers start to make calls PFT: Roethlisberger ‘appears well enough’ to play PFT: Belichick says Saints are best team in football PFT: Lions coach takes issue with Mangini’s comments   PFT: Bills contact Cowher, who says no ... for now   PFT: Rams’ Bulger out 3-6 weeks with fractured knee Cowboys coach confident Romo will play Thursday NFL Section Front   Add NFL headlines to your news reader: